The Islamic World from Prehistory to 1041 by Ariana Wolff

Author:Ariana Wolff
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Britannica Educational Publishing

In Andalusia, Muslim rule did not lead to large-scale conversions, but it did lead to the emergence of Mozarabs, Spanish Christians who adopted Arabic language and culture. This illustration from a copy of the Cantigas de Santa María shows Christian slaves herded forward by Muslim foot soldiers.

The Imazighen who remained in the Maghrib illustrate the mobility of ideologies and institutions from the central lands to more recently conquered territories. No sooner had they given up anti-Muslim resistance and joined the Muslim community than they rebelled again, but this time an Islamic identity, Kharijism, provided the justification. Kharijite ideas had been carried to the Maghrib by refugees from the numerous revolts against the Marwānids. Kharijite egalitarianism suited the economic and social grievances of the Imazighen as non-Arab Muslims under Arab rule. The revolts outlasted the Marwānids; they resulted in the first independent Maghribi dynasty, the Rustamid, founded by Muslims of Persian descent. The direct influence of the revolts was felt as late as the 10th century and survives among small communities in Tunisia and Algeria.

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